Auditing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Auditing - Case Study Example The authorization of gambling is not an issue for a number of states in the US but the major issue is in the form of developing quality audit programs to measure and analyze the operations of the casinos in a systematic manner (Arens, 2012). A number of states in the US have stated the fact that gambling and especially casinos promote economic development. Nevada’s statute declares that gaming industry is vital for the state development and general welfare of people while New Jersey’s statute states that casinos promotes tourism, resort, and recreational activities leading to the creation of economic value in the long run. There is no doubt that several states in the US have promoted casinos in a legal manner but the obvious question surrounding the operations of casinos is in the form of use of auditing tools in order to assess and analyze the overall success factors associated with it. In order to do so, the major purpose of the discussion is to analyze the usefulness of auditing in the context of analyzing the case study of Sands Hotel and Casino. This will help in understanding the relevance and importance of auditing in making business operations fair and transparent. Auditing refers to a systematic review and examination of books, accounts, journals, documents, and vouchers of organizations to analyze and assess the validity and reliability of financial statements in terms of absolute trueness and fairness. Additionally, auditing is considered as an independent examination of data, statements, records, and performance of organizations. Auditing is a complex process requiring high degree of honesty and understanding of the financial statements. An auditor is required to analyze and assess the evidences along with evaluating the same on the basis of the skilled judgment. Additionally, an auditor needs to offer clear and true verdict of his findings through a systematic report

Diffusion and osmosis lab Essay Example for Free

Diffusion and osmosis lab Essay What happened to the iodine, the starch, the glucose and the water in your experiment? Explain which molecules did/did not cross the membrane and in which direction they moved. Substance Prediction Results Starch Starch will stay in the cellulose tubing The results were correct Glucose Glucose will defuse and move out The results were correct Iodine The iodine will change color The results were correct 2. Did the results of your experiment agree or disagree with your prediction? Why or why not? My results agreed with my prediction because the starch, glucose and iodine stayed in the cellulose tubing, or the water changed color. 3. Considering your observations, suggest an explanation for the results of your experiment. What assumptions did you make about the nature of the membrane? The cell contains what enters. Small molecules can quickly go through and out of the cell. Meaning the small molecule diffuse through the process of osmosis. Lab 2 – ELODEA Objective: To demonstrate and explain effects of osmosis across a living membrane. 1. What changes took place in the Elodea cell after salt water is added? Did these changes agree or disagree with your prediction? Why or why or not? When the salt was added to the water it caused the water concentration to lessen but the solute to increase. There are more water molecules going out of the cell than in the cell the cell membrane began to shrink known as dehydration. 2. Explain, in detail, the process that caused these changes to occur. The elodea would not be able to live in salt-water environment because there is a greater concentration of the water in the cell. When there is salt in the cell, it would die. 3. Is this process reversible? If so, describe how you would reverse it? Yes, I think this process is reversible. You would have more of a salt solution then a water solution. Then you would add the water to the concentration then it will be revered

Is the Cause of Terrorism Islam, or Foreign Policy? :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

Was the Cause of September 11 Islam or Foreign Policy? George W. Bush has taken a stand on the true nature of Islam, calling it, for instance, a "religion of peace." As strange as this is to hear from the president of the United States, Bush's declarations have given rise to a good deal of useful public discussion about Islam. Unfortunately, this discussion has too often accepted the confused terms of the president's rhetoric: Is there, or is there not, something wrong in the nature of Islam? Salman Rushdie ("Yes, This is About Islam," New York Times 11/2/01) and Jonathan Ebel ("Territory is Not Mind," Sightings 11/15/01) both make some useful points in the process of taking up the question, but somehow leave standing the president's fundamental misconception that a religion has an essence. Surely it is not fair to say that September 11 is "about" Islam. Violent hatred and intolerance can be adduced in too many corners of the religious world to imagine that it comes, simply, from the doctrines of one holy book or another. At the same time, it is difficult for me to blame Salman Rushdie, especially, for perceiving something within Islam today that is prone to violence. His non-violent, literary attack on Islam was, after all, taken by some Muslims to justify very real threats to his life. And, he marshals some reasonable evidence that many Muslims do believe that Islam is on board with the September 11 terrorists. Still, we ought not to declare that September 11 is "about" Islam, especially if this means that we ignore "foreign policy, humanity, global society, and the just ordering thereof"-- which Ebel says are obviously what September 11 is also "about." Ebel's list implies that a larger, broader causal story needs to be told, rather than simply to say that Islam gave us the horrors of September 11. I agree wholeheartedly. Believing too simplistic a causal story carries both moral and practical flaws. If Islam itself -- or something in its nature -- was the cause of the attacks, we could only prevent further attacks by preventing further Islam. In this way, such a simplistic belief would tend to sanction persecution if not genocide against Muslims. From a practical standpoint, we will have to understand the details of the real, long-term causal story if we wish to minimize the threat of repeated terrorism in America.

Web Based Information System

Implications for project management and development processes The unique nature of many web-based applications broadens the role of traditional project management and adds a new dimension to the software development process. In addition to the participation and contribution of analysts, designers, programmers, architects, managers, domain experts and so on, web-based applications often contain significant multimedia content (images, movie clips, sound clips and text) requiring specialist resources for their development. Multimedia development Groups separate from the software engineers usually produce multimedia web content in parallel, in a similar way that on-line help is typically produced by a technical writer rather than a software developer. Some recent studies indicate that specialist resources needed to develop multimedia content may outnumber software engineers. For the purposes of estimating software development effort, multimedia content is assumed to exist and the effort required for their production is outside the scope of the software engineering process. However, the effort of integrating these elements needs to taken into account. Furthermore the effort to create the multimedia content itself must be incorporated to produce an overall project estimate. focus on developing business logic The novelty of developing web-based applications can be captivating and may obscure the fact that modelling an application’s business logic, whether it is being implemented in a web page, a component or an object remains the central focus of the project. Web-based application development requires project management best practice as much as any other type of application development. Business networking Business networking is a marketing method by which business opportunities are created through networks of like-minded business people. There are several prominent business networking organizations that create models of networking activity that, when followed, allow the business person to build new business relationship and generate business opportunities at the same time. Many business people contend business networking is a more cost-effective method of generating new business than advertising or public relations efforts. This is because business networking is a low-cost activity that involves more personal commitment than company money. As an example, a business network may agree to meet weekly or monthly with the purpose of exchanging business leads and referrals with fellow members. To complement this activity, members often meet outside this circle, on their own time, and build their own â€Å"one-to-one† relationship with the fellow member. Business networking can be conducted in a local business community, or on a more larger scale via the Internet. Business networking websites have grown over recent years due to the Internet's ability to connect people from all over the world. Business networking can have a meaning also in the ICT domain, i. e. the provision of operating support to companies / organizations, and related value chains / value networks. It refers to an activity coordination with a wider scope and a simpler implementation than pre-organized workflows or web-based impromptu searches for transaction counterparts (workflow is useful to coordinate activities, but it is complicated by the use of s. . â€Å"patterns† to deviate the flow of work from a pure sequence, in order to compensate its intrinsic â€Å"linearity†; impromptu searches for transaction counterparts on the web are useful as well, but only for non strategic supplies; both are complicated by a plethora of interfaces — SOA / XML / web services — needed among different organizations and even between different IT applications with in the same organization). Online business networking Businesses are increasingly using business social networks like XING or professional business networking tools like Boardex as a means of growing their circle of business contacts and promoting themselves online. Since businesses are expanding globally, social networks make it easier to keep in touch with other contacts around the world. Specific cross-border e-commerce platforms and business partnering networks now make globalization accessible also for small and medium sized companies. Face-to-face business networking Professionals who wish to leverage their presentation skills with the urgency of physically being present, attend general and exclusive events. Many professionals tend to prefer face-to-face networking over online based networking because the potential for higher quality relationships are possible. Many individuals also prefer face-to-face because people tend to prefer actually knowing and meeting who they intend to do business with. General business networking Before online networking, there was and has always been, networking face-to-face. â€Å"Schmoozing† or â€Å"rubbing elbows† are expressions used among business professionals for introducing and meeting one another, and establishing rapport. Business networking in the ICT domain Companies / organizations — and related value chains / value networks — need some sort of IT support. Traditionally, it is provided by software applications, software packages /suites, ERPs and/or workflows; presently, also by different types of web-based innovations. A truly â€Å"ICT† business networking approach rethinks — and rebuilds — the operating support from scratch, around two key business features: information contributions, to be provided by the activities involved (whether they are performed by human beings, automated tools or jointly by the two, in a coordinated way); (automated) information exchanges, to be provided by the TLC network. Information contributions and exchanges, in turn, need to be supported by data storage (plain or redundant, with or without automated recovery to grant service continuity) and access security (signature, encryption, authentication, decryption), which both can be provided either as add-on's or as built-in features. Introduction to Novell Novell, Inc. has made news over the years for its business struggles. Novell enjoyed success as a popular vendor of network software — principally the NetWare ® operating system. Today the company is working to build an Internet networking business, but they face strong competition. NetWare The NetWare operating system supports the networking of personal computers (PCs). Installed on a PC, NetWare creates a server environment for the sharing of files, printers, and other network â€Å"services. † One of the first software products designed for PC networking, early versions of NetWare appeared in the late 1980s. NetWare 3 was originally called â€Å"NetWare 386† and released for use with Intel's 80386 processor. Likewise, Novell developed NetWare 4 in the early 1990s for the Intel 80486. NetWare 5, the latest version of Novell's operating system, has been available since September, 1998. Together, NetWare 3, 4, and 5 enjoy an installed base of millions of servers worldwide. NetWare encountered stiff competition from Microsoft beginning in the mid-1990s with the introduction of Windows NT Server products. Some believe the rapid growth of Linux server networking — although difficult to measure accurately due to the open nature of that operating system — is also impacting NetWare's popularity. NDS The media sometimes refers to Novell Directory Services (NDS ®) as the â€Å"crown jewel† of Novell's product offerings. Like NetWare, NDS has benefited from a long development history resulting in mature technology with a large installed customer base. What makes NDS especially appealing is its flexibility and the range of potential applications in network management and ecommerce. NDS is an LDAP directory service. Directory services like NDS provide information repositories for distributed network resources ranging from devices to Web site customer profiles. LDAP — the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol — offers a standard way to access this information. Web sites such as CNN and AltaVista use the NDS eDirectoryâ„ ¢ product. eDirectory tracks visitor activity to these sites, building a special-purpose â€Å"database† of customers that can be used to provide personalization services. While NDS was originally a NetWare-only technology, eDirectory now works with Windows NT and 2000, Solaris, and Linux in addition to NetWare 5 servers. Novell offers several other products based on eDirectory technology. NDS Corporate Edition, for example, implements network resource management. The digitalmeâ„ ¢ service adds more secure personalization capabilities to eDirectory. As with NetWare, however, Novell faces competition in the directory services space from Microsoft Active Directory (not to mention products from other vendors such as iPlanet Directory Server). More Web Services In 1996 and 1997, Novell achieved some success with its IntranetWare product family design for intranet data sharing. Today, Novell continues to offer GroupWise email and calendaring for intranets (and other Web-based networks). Novell also is working with technology for Web content caching. The Novell Content Exchange subscription service brings Internet caching and other software to the data center where Web content is served. Conclusion Novell's low stock price has led to speculation of a possible buyout in the company's near future. These rumors are nothing new. As far back as 1996 and 1997, industry pundits debated various buyout or merger scenarios involving IBM, AT&T, Netscape, and even Microsoft. None of these scenarios came to pass, so perhaps it most likely — layoffs aside — that Novell will continue working to grow its network services business in the months and years ahead.

Fool Chapter 21

TWENTY-ONE AT THE WHITE CLIFFS YEARS AGO – â€Å"Pocket,† said Cordelia, â€Å"have you ever heard of this warrior queen named Boudicca?† Cordelia was about fifteen at the time, and she had sent for me because she wished to discuss politics. She lay on her bed with a large leather volume open before her. â€Å"No, lamb, who was she queen of?† â€Å"Why, of the pagan Britons. Of us.† Lear had recently shifted back to the pagan beliefs, thus opening a whole new world of learning for Cordelia. â€Å"Ah, that explains it. Educated in a nunnery, love, I've a very shallow knowledge of pagan ways, although I have to say, their festivals are smashing. Rampant drunken shagging while wearing flower wreaths seems far superior to midnight mass and self-flagellation, but then, I'm a fool.† â€Å"Well, it says here that she kicked nine colors of shit out of the Roman legions when they invaded.† â€Å"Really, that's what it says, nine colors of shit?† â€Å"I'm paraphrasing. Why do you think we've no warrior queens anymore?† â€Å"Well, lamb, war requires swift and resolute action.† â€Å"And you're saying that a woman can't move with swift resolve?† â€Å"I'm saying no such thing. She may move with swiftness and resolve, but only after choosing the correct outfit and shoes, and therein lies the undoing of any potential warrior queen, I suspect.† â€Å"Oh bollocks!† â€Å"I'll wager your Boudicca lived before they invented clothing. Easy days then for a warrior queen. Just hitch up your tits and start taking heads, it was. Now, well, I daresay erosion would take down a country before most women could pick out their invading kit.† â€Å"Most women. But not me?† â€Å"Of course not you, lamb. Them. I meant only weak-willed tarts like your sisters.† â€Å"Pocket, I think I shall be a warrior queen.† â€Å"Of what, the royal petting zoo at Boffingshire?† â€Å"You'll see, Pocket. The whole of the sky will darken with the smoke from my army's fires, the ground will tremble under their horses' hooves, and kings will kneel outside their city walls, crowns in hand, begging to surrender rather than feel the wrath of Queen Cordelia fall upon their people. But I shall be merciful.† â€Å"Goes without saying, doesn't it?† â€Å"And you, fool, will no longer be able to behave like the right shit that you are.† â€Å"Fear and trembling, love, that's all you'll get from me. Fear and bloody trembling.† â€Å"As long as we understand each other.† â€Å"So, it sounds as if you're thinking of conquering more than just the petting zoo?† â€Å"Europe,† said the princess, as if stating the unadorned truth. â€Å"Europe?† said I. â€Å"To start,† said Cordelia. â€Å"Well, then you had better get moving, hadn't you?† â€Å"Yes, I suppose,† said Cordelia, with a great silly grin. â€Å"Dear Pocket, would you help me pick an outfit?† â€Å"She's already taken Normandy, Brittany, and the Aquitaine,† said Edgar, â€Å"and Belgium soils itself at the mention of her name.† â€Å"Cordelia can be a bundle of rumpus when she sets her mind to something,† said I. I smiled at the thought of her barking orders to the troops, all fury and fire from her lips, but those crystal-blue eyes hinting laughter at every turn. I missed her. â€Å"Oh, I did betray her love and flay her sweet heart with stubborn pride,† said Lear, looking madder and weaker than when I'd seen him last. â€Å"Where is Kent?† I asked Edgar, ignoring the old king. Drool and I had found them above a cliff at Dover. They all sat with their backs to a great chalk boulder: Gloucester, Edgar, and Lear. Gloucester snored softly, his head on Edgar's shoulder. We could see smoke from the French camp not two miles away in the distance. â€Å"He's gone to Cordelia, to ask her to accept her father into her camp.† â€Å"Why didn't you go yourself?† I asked Lear. â€Å"I am afraid,† said the old man. He hid his head under his arm, like a bird trying to escape the daylight beneath its wing. It was wrong. I wanted him strong, I wanted him stubborn, I wanted him full of arrogance and cruelty. I wanted to see those parts of him I knew were thriving when he'd thrown my mother on the stones so many years ago. I wanted to scream at him, humiliate him, hurt him in eleven places and watch him crawl in his own shit, dragging his bloody pride and guts behind him in the dirt. There was no revenge to be satisfied on this trembling shell of Lear. I wanted no part of it. â€Å"I'm going to go nap behind those rocks,† said I. â€Å"Drool, keep watch. Wake me when Kent returns.† â€Å"Aye, Pocket.† The Natural went to the far side of Edgar's boulder, sat, and stared out over the sea. If we were attacked by a ship, he'd be Johnny-on-the-spot. I lay down and slept perhaps an hour before there was shouting behind me and I looked over my boulders to see Edgar holding his father's head, steadying him as the old man stood on a rock, perhaps a foot above the ground. â€Å"Are we at the edge?† â€Å"Aye, there are fishermen on the beach below that look like mice. The dogs look like ants.† â€Å"What do the horses look like?† asked Gloucester. â€Å"There aren't any horses. Just fishermen and dogs. Don't you hear the sea crashing below?† â€Å"Yes. Yes, I do. Farewell, Edgar, my son. I am sorry. Gods, do your will!† With that the old man leaped off the rock, expecting to plummet hundreds of feet to his death, I reckon, so he was somewhat surprised when he met the ground in an instant. â€Å"Oh my lord! Oh my lord!† said Edgar, trying to use a different voice and failing completely. â€Å"Sir, you have duly fallen from the cliffs above.† â€Å"I have?† said Gloucester. â€Å"Aye, sir, can you not see?† â€Å"Well, no, you git, my eyes are bandaged and bloody. Can you not see?† â€Å"Sorry. What I saw was you fall from a great height and land as softly as if you were a feather floating down.† â€Å"I am dead, then,† said Gloucester. He sank to his knees and seemed to lose his breath. â€Å"I am dead, yet I still suffer, my grief is manifest, my eyes ache even though they are not there.† â€Å"That's because he's fucking with you,† said I. â€Å"What?† said Gloucester. â€Å"Shhhh,† said Edgar. â€Å"‘Tis a mad beggar, pay him no heed, good sir.† â€Å"Fine, you're dead. Enjoy,† said I. I lay back on the ground, out of the wind, and pulled my coxcomb over my eyes. â€Å"Come, come sit with me,† said Lear. I sat up and watched Lear lead the blind man to his nest beneath the great boulders. â€Å"Let the cruelties of the world slide off our bent backs, friend.† Lear put his arm around Gloucester and held him while he spoke to the sky. â€Å"My king,† said Gloucester. â€Å"I am safe in your mercy. My king.† â€Å"Aye, king. But I have no soldiers, no lands, no subject quakes before me, no servants wait, and even your bastard son hath treated you better than my own daughters.† â€Å"Oh, for fuck's sake,† said I. But I could see that the old blind man was smiling, and for all his suffering, he found comfort in his friend the king, no doubt having been blinded to his scoundrel nature long before Cornwall and Regan took his eyes. Blinded by loyalty. Blinded by title. Blinded by shoddy patriotism and false righteousness. He loved his mad, murdering king. I lay back down to listen. â€Å"Let me kiss your hand,† said Gloucester. â€Å"Let me wipe it first,† said Lear. â€Å"It smells of mortality.† â€Å"I smell nothing, and see nothing evermore. I am not worthy.† â€Å"Art thou mad? See with your ears, Gloucester. Have you never seen a farmer's dog bark at a beggar, and thus chase him off? Is that dog the voice of authority? Is he better than the many for denying the man's hunger? Is a sheriff righteous who whips the whore, when it is for his own lust he punishes her? See, Gloucester. See who is worthy? Now we are stripped of finery, see. Small vices show through tattered clothes, when all is hidden beneath fur and fine robes. Plate sin with gold and the strong lance of justice breaks on decoration. Blessed are you, that you cannot see – for you cannot see me for what I am: wretched.† â€Å"No,† said Edgar. â€Å"Your impertinence comes from madness. Do not weep, good king.† â€Å"Do not weep? We weep when we first smell the air. When we are born, we cry, that we come to this great stage of fools.† â€Å"No, all shall be well again, and – â€Å" And there was a thump, followed by another, and a yowl. â€Å"Die, thou blind mole!† came a familiar voice. I sat up in time to see Oswald standing over Gloucester, a bloodied stone in one hand, his sword driven down through the old earl's chest. â€Å"You'll not poison my lady's cause further.† He twisted the blade, and blood bubbled up out of the old man, but no sound did he make. He was quite dead. Oswald yanked his blade free and kicked Gloucester's body across Lear's lap, as the king cowered against the boulder. Edgar lay unconscious at Oswald's feet. The vermin drew back as if to drive his sword into Edgar's spine. â€Å"Oswald!† I shouted. I stood behind my boulders as I drew a throwing knife from the sheath at my back. The worm turned to me, and pulled his blade up. He dropped the bloody stone he'd used to brain Edgar. â€Å"We have an arrangement,† said I. â€Å"And further slaughter of my cohorts will cause me to doubt your sincerity.† â€Å"Sod off, fool. We've no arrangement. You're a lying cur.† â€Å"Moi?† said I, in perfect fucking French. â€Å"I can give you your lady's heart, and not in the unpleasant, eviscerated, no-shagging-except-the-corpse way.† â€Å"You have no such power. You've not bewitched Regan's heart, neither. ‘Tis she who sent me here to kill this blind traitor who turns minds against our forces. And to deliver this.† He pulled a sealed letter from his jerkin. â€Å"A letter of mark, giving you permission in the name of the Duchess of Cornwall to be a total twatgoblin?† â€Å"Your wit is dull, fool. It is a love letter to Edmund of Gloucester. He set out for here with a scouting party to assess the French forces.† â€Å"My wit is dull? My wit is dull?† â€Å"Yes. Dull,† said Oswald. â€Å"Now, en garde,† said he in barely passable fucking French. â€Å"Yes,† said I, with an exaggerated nod. â€Å"Yes.† And with that, Oswald found himself seized by the throat and dashed several times against the boulders, which relieved him of his sword, his dagger, the love letter, and his coin purse. Drool then held the steward up and squeezed his throat, slowly but sternly, causing wet gurgling noises to bubble from his foul gullet. I said, â€Å"While unscathed by my rapier wit You're choked to death by a giant git By this gentle jester, is argument won I'll leave you two to have your fun.† Oswald seemed somewhat surprised by the turn of events, so much so, that both his eyes and tongue protruded from his face in a wholly unhealthy way. He then began to surrender his various fluids and Drool had to hold him away to keep from being fouled by them. â€Å"Drop him,† said Lear, who still cowered by the boulders. Drool looked to me and I shook my head, ever so slightly. â€Å"Die, thou badger-shagging spunk monkey,† said I. When Oswald stopped kicking and simply hung limp and dripping, I nodded to my apprentice, who tossed the steward's body over the cliff as easily as if it were an apple core. Drool went down on one knee over Gloucester's body. â€Å"I were going to teach him to be a fool.† â€Å"Aye, lad, I know you were.† I stood by my boulders, resisting the urge to comfort the great murderous git with a pat on the shoulder. There was a rustling from over the top of the hill and I thought I heard the sound of metal on metal through the wind. â€Å"Now he's blind and dead,† said the Natural. â€Å"Bugger,† said I, under my breath. Then to Drool, â€Å"Hide, and don't fight, and don't call for me.† I fell flat to the ground as the first soldier topped the hill. Bugger! Bugger! Bugger! Bloody bollocksing buggering bugger! I reflected serenely. Then I heard the voice of the bastard Edmund. â€Å"Look, my fool. And what's this? The king? What good fortune! You'll make a fine hostage to stay the hand of the Queen of France and her forces.† â€Å"Have you no heart?† said Lear, petting the head of his dead friend Gloucester. I peeked out between my rocks. Edmund was looking at his dead father with the expression of someone who has just encountered rat scat in his toast for tea. â€Å"Yes, well, tragic I suppose, but with succession of his title determined and his sight gone, a timely exit was only polite. Who's this other deader?† Edmund kicked his unconscious half brother in the shoulder. â€Å"A beggar,† said Drool. â€Å"He were trying to protect the old man.† â€Å"This is not the sword of a beggar. Neither is this purse.† Edmund picked up Oswald's purse. â€Å"These belong to Goneril's man, Oswald.† â€Å"Aye, milord,† said Drool. â€Å"Well, where is he?† â€Å"On the beach.† â€Å"On the beach? He climbed down and left his purse and sword here?† â€Å"He was a tosser,† said Drool. â€Å"So I tossed him over. He kilt your old da.† â€Å"Oh, quite right. Well done, then.† Edmund threw the purse to Drool. â€Å"Use it to bribe your jailer for a bread crust. Take them.† The bastard motioned for his men to seize Drool and Lear. When the old man had trouble standing, Drool lifted him to his feet and steadied him. â€Å"What about the bodies?† asked Edmund's captain. â€Å"Let the French bury them. Quickly, to the White Tower. I've seen enough.† Lear coughed then, a dry, feeble cough like the creaking of Death's door hinges, until I thought he might collapse into a pile of blue. One of Edmund's men gave the old man a sip of water, which seemed to quell the coughing, but he couldn't stand or support his weight. Drool hoisted him up on one shoulder and carried him up the hill – the old man's bony bottom bouncing on the great git's shoulder as if it was the cushion of a sedan chair. When they were gone I scrambled out of my hiding place and over to Edgar's prostrate body. The wound on his scalp wasn't deep, but it had bled copiously, as scalp wounds are wont to do. The resulting puddle of gore had probably saved Edgar's life. I got him propped against the boulder and brought him around with some gentle smacking and a stout splashing from his water skin. â€Å"What?† Edgar looked around, and shook his head to clear his vision, a motion he clearly regretted immediately. Then he spotted his father's corpse and wailed. â€Å"I'm sorry, Edgar,† said I. â€Å"‘Twas Goneril's steward, Oswald, knocked you out and killed him. Drool strangled the scurvy dog and tossed him over the cliff.† â€Å"Where is Drool? And the king?† â€Å"Taken, by your bastard brother's men. Listen, Edgar, I need to follow them. You go to the French camp. Take them a message.† Edgar's eyes rolled and I thought he might pass out again, so I threw some more water in his face. â€Å"Look at me. Edgar, you must go to the French camp. Tell Cordelia that she should attack the White Tower directly. Tell her to send ships up the Thames and bring a force through London over land as well. Kent will know the plan. Have her sound the trumpet three times before they attack the keep. Do you understand?† â€Å"Three times, the White Tower?† I tore the back off of the dead earl's shirt, wadded it up, and gave it to Edgar. â€Å"Here, hold this on your noggin to staunch the blood.† â€Å"And tell Cordelia not to hold for fear for her father's life. I'll see to it that it's not an issue.† â€Å"Aye,† said Edgar. â€Å"She'll not save the king by holding the attack.†

Love Themes in Romeo and Juliet

Love Themes in 'Romeo and Juliet' Romeo and Juliet has become forever associated with love. The play has become an iconic story of love and passion, and the name â€Å"Romeo† is still used to describe young lovers. Shakespeare’s treatment of love in the play is complex and multifaceted. He uses love in its many guises to thread together the key relationships in the play. Fickle Love Some characters fall in and out of love very quickly in Romeo and Juliet. For example, Romeo is in love with Rosaline at the start of the play, which is presented as an immature infatuation. Today, we might use the term â€Å"puppy love† to describe this. Romeo’s love for Rosaline is shallow, and nobody really believes that it will last, including Friar Laurence: Romeo. Thou chidst me oft for loving Rosaline.Friar Laurence. For doting, not for loving, pupil mine. Similarly, Paris’ love for Juliet is borne out of tradition, not passion. He has identified her as a good candidate for a wife and approaches her father to arrange the marriage. Although this was the tradition at the time, it also says something about Paris’ staid attitude towards love. He even admits to Friar Laurence that in his haste to rush the wedding through he hasn’t discussed it with his bride-to-be: Friar Laurence. On Thursday, sir? the time is very short.Paris. My father Capulet will have it so;And I am nothing slow to slack his haste.Friar Laurence. You say you do not know the ladys mind:Uneven is the course, I like it not.Paris. Immoderately she weeps for Tybalts death,And therefore have I little talked of love; Romantic Love Our classic idea of romantic love is embodied in Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare presents this as a force of nature, so strong that it transcends societal conventions. This idea is established in the play’s prologue with the line â€Å"a pair of star-crossed lovers take their life.† Perhaps Romeo and Juliets love is fate - there love is given cosmic significance which can, therefore, overturn the social boundaries of â€Å"fair Verona.† Their love is disallowed by the Capulet and Montague households, and Juliet is to marry Paris – Yet, they inevitably find themselves drawn together. Other Types of Love Many of the friendships in the play are as sincere as Romeo and Juliet’s love for one another. The close relationships between Juliet and her Nurse, and between Romeo, Mercutio and Benvolio are meaningful and heartfelt. They care deeply for another and protect each others honor – this ultimately costs Mercutio his life. This platonic love is offset by the sexual innuendos made by some characters – particularly Juliet’s Nurse and Mercutio. Their view of love is earthy and purely sexual, creating an effective contrast with Romeo and Juliet’s romanticism.

Americas Roadside Architecture of the 1950s

Americas Roadside Architecture of the 1950s Googie and Tiki are examples of a Roadside Architecture, a type of structure that evolved as American business and the middle class expanded. Particularly after World War II, travel by car became part of the American culture, and a reactive, playful architecture developed that captured Americas imagination. Googie describes a futuristic, often flashy, Space Age building style in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s. Often used for restaurants, motels, bowling alleys, and assorted roadside businesses, Googie architecture was designed to attract customers. Well-known Googie examples include the 1961 LAX Theme Building at the Los Angeles International Airport and the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, which was built for the 1962 Worlds Fair. Tiki architecture is a fanciful design that incorporates Polynesian themes. The word tiki refers to large wood and stone sculptures and carvings found in the Polynesian islands. Tiki buildings are often decorated with imitation tiki and other romanticized details borrowed from the South Seas. One example of Tiki architecture is the Royal Hawaiin Estates in Palm Springs, California. Googie Features and Characteristics Reflecting high-tech space-age ideas, the Googie style grew out of the Streamline Moderne, or Art Moderne, the architecture of the 1930s. As in Streamline Moderne architecture, Googie buildings are made with glass and steel. However, Googie buildings are deliberately flashy, often with lights that would blink and point. Typical Googie details include: Flashing lights and neon signsBoomerang and palette shapesStarburst shapesAtom motifsFlying saucer shapesSharp angles and trapezoid shapesZig-zag roof lines Tiki Architecture Has Many of These Features Tikis and carved beamsLava rockImitation bamboo detailsShells and coconuts used as ornamentsReal and imitation palm treesImitation thatch roofsA-frame shapes and extremely steep peaked roofsWaterfallsFlashy signs and other Googie details Why Googie? Googie should not be confused with the Internet search engine Google. Googie has its roots in the mid-century modern architecture of southern California, an area rich with technology companies.  The Malin Residence or Chemosphere House designed by architect John Lautner in 1960 is a Los Angeles residence that bends mid-century modern stylings into Googie. This spaceship-centirc architecture was a reaction to the nuclear arms and space races after World War II. The word Googie comes from Googies, a Los Angeles coffee shop also designed by Lautner. However, Googie ideas can be found on commercial buildings in other parts of the country, most noticeably in the Doo Wop architecture of Wildwood, New Jersey. Other names for Googie include Coffee House ModernDoo WopPopuluxeSpace AgeLeisure Architecture Why Tiki? The word tiki should not be confused with tacky, although some have said that tiki is tacky! When soldiers returned to the United States after World War II, they brought home stories about life in the South Seas. The best-selling books Kon-Tiki by Thor Heyerdahl and Tales of the South Pacific by James A. Michener heightened interest in all things tropical. Hotels and restaurants incorporated Polynesian themes to suggest an aura of romance. Polynesian-themed, or tiki, buildings proliferated in California and then throughout the United States. The Polynesia fad, also known as Polynesian Pop, reached its height in about 1959 when Hawaii became part of the United States. By then, commercial tiki architecture had taken on a variety of flashy Googie details. Also, some mainstream architects were incorporating abstract tiki shapes into the streamlined modernist design. Roadside Architecture After President Eisenhower signed the Federal Highway Act in 1956, the building of the Interstate Highway System encouraged more and more Americans to spend time in their cars, traveling from state to state. The 20th century is filled with examples of roadside eye candy created to attract the mobile American to stop and buy. The Coffee Pot Restaurant from 1927 is an example of mimetic architecture. The Muffler Man seen in the opening credits is an iconic representation of roadside marketing still seen today. Googie and Tiki architecture is well-known in southern California and associated with these architects: Paul Williams, designer of thousands of mid-century modern homes in southern California, may be best known for the LAX Theme Building, shown on this page bathed in Walt Disney colored lightingJohn LautnerDonald Wexler, designer of many mid-century modern homes in Palm Springs, California, is known for designing the Royal Hawaiin Estates in the early 1960sEldon DavisMartin Stern, Jr.Wayne McAllister Sources LAX Theme Building designed by Paul Williams, Los Angeles airport photo by Tom Szczerbowski / Getty Images Sport / Getty Images (cropped)The Royal Hawaiian Estates, Palm Springs, California, photo  © Daniel Chavkin, courtesy Royal Hawaiian EstatesThe Malin Residence or Chemosphere House Designed by John Lautner, 1960, photo by ANDREW HOLBROOKE / Corbis Entertainment / Getty Images

Biography of Peggy Shippen, Socialite and Spy

Biography of Peggy Shippen, Socialite and Spy Peggy Arnold (born Margaret Shippen; July 11, 1760–August 24, 1804) was a Philadelphia socialite during the American Revolution. She was part of a notoriously Loyalist family and social circle, but she became infamous for her role in the treason of her husband, General Benedict Arnold. Fast Facts: Peggy Shippen Known For:  Socialite and spy who helped her husband, General Benedict Arnold, commit treasonBorn:  July 11, 1760 in Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaDied:  August 24, 1804 in London, EnglandSpouse:  General Benedict Arnold (m. 1779-1801)Children:  Edward Shippen Arnold, James Arnold, Sophia Matilda Arnold, George Arnold, William Fitch Arnold Pre-Revolution Childhood The Shippen family was one of the wealthiest and most prominent families in Philadelphia. Peggys father, Edward Shippen IV, was a judge, and although he tried to keep his political views as private as possible, he was generally counted as a â€Å"Tory† or â€Å"Loyalist† to the British colonials, not an ally of the would-be revolutionaries. Peggy was the Shippens’ fourth daughter, born after three successive older sisters (Elizabeth, Sarah, and Mary) and a brother, Edward. Because she was the youngest of the family, Peggy was generally considered the favorite and was particularly doted upon by her parents and others. As a child, she was educated like most girls of her social class: basic school subjects, as well as accomplishments considered suitable for a wealthy young lady, such as music, embroidery, dancing, and sketching. Unlike some of her contemporaries, however, Peggy displayed a particular interest in politics from a young age. She learned about political and financial matters from her father. As she grew older, she gained an understanding of these topics as they related to the Revolution; she had hardly known a time when the colonies were not at war, since the war began when she was only five years old. A Tory Belle Despite her genuine interest in politics, Peggy was still a young woman concerned with social events, and she tended to move mostly in Loyalist circles. By 1777, when Peggy was seventeen, Philadelphia was under the control of the British, and the Shippen home was central to many social events involving the British officers and Loyalist families. Among these guests was a significant figure: Major John Andre. At the time, Andre was an up-and-coming figure in the British forces, under the command of General William Howe. He and Peggy met often in social settings and were believed to be particularly close. The pair definitely shared a flirtation, and it’s fairly likely that their relationship bloomed into a full-fledged romance. When the British abandoned their stronghold in Philadelphia upon news of French aid coming to the rebels, Andre left with the rest of his troops, but Peggy kept up a correspondence with him in subsequent months and years. The city was placed under the command of Benedict Arnold in the summer of 1778. It was at this point that Peggy’s personal politics began to change, at least outwardly. Despite her father still being a staunch Tory, Peggy began to grow close to General Arnold. Their differences in political background were not the only gap between them: Arnold was 36 to Peggy’s 18. Despite this, Arnold sought the consent of Judge Shippen to propose to Peggy, and although the judge was mistrusting, he ultimately gave his consent. Peggy wed Arnold on April 8, 1779. Life as Mrs. Arnold Arnold purchased Mount Pleasant, a mansion just outside the city, and planned to renovate it for his family. They did not end up living there, however; it became a rental property instead. Peggy found herself with a husband who was not necessarily as much in favor as he once had been. Arnold had been profiting off of his command in Philadelphia, and upon being caught in 1779, he was found guilty of a few minor corruption charges and was reprimanded by George Washington himself. At this point, Peggy’s favoring of the British began to re-emerge. With her husband furious at his countrymen and their social circle increasingly including those with British sympathies, the opportunity arose to switch sides. Peggy had kept in touch with her old flame Andre, now a major and the spy chief for British General Sir Henry Clinton. Historians are divided as to who was the original instigator of communications between Andre and Arnold: while some point to Peggy’s close relationship with Andre, others suspect Jonathan Odell or Joseph Stanbury, both Loyalists affiliated with the Arnolds. Regardless of who started it, the undisputed fact is that Arnold began communications with the British in May 1779, sharing information on troop locations, supply lines, and other vital military intelligence. Espionage and Aftermath Peggy did play some part in these exchanges: she facilitated some of the communications, and some of the surviving letters include portions written in her handwriting, with her husband’s messages on the same sheet, written in invisible ink. In 1792, it would be revealed that Peggy was paid  £350 for handling some messages. Around this time, however, Peggy became pregnant, and she gave birth to a son, Edward, in March 1780. The family moved to a home near West Point, the crucial military post where Arnold had gained command- and where he was slowly weakening defenses in order to make it easy to hand over to the British. In September 1780, the plot fell apart. On September 21, Andre and Arnold met so that Arnold could hand over significant documents related to the West Point plot. As Andre attempted to return to British territory, however, he was persuaded by his go-between that it would be safer to ride in plain clothes; as a result, he was captured on September 23 and deemed a spy instead of an enemy officer. Arnold fled on September 25, leaving Peggy and their son behind. George Washington and his aides, including Alexander Hamilton, were scheduled to have a breakfast with the Arnolds that morning, and they discovered his treason as they arrived to find Peggy alone. Peggy became hysterical upon â€Å"discovering† her husband’s treason, which may have helped buy Arnold time to escape. She returned to her family in Philadelphia and feigned ignorance until a letter between Andre and Peggy was discovered, upon which she was sent to British-occupied New York with her husband, where their second son, James, was born. Andre was executed as a spy. Post-Revolution Life and Legacy The Arnolds fled to London in December 1781, and Peggy was presented at the royal court in February 1782. It was here that she was paid for her services in the war – an annual pension for her children, plus  £350 on the orders of King George III himself. The Arnolds had two more children – a son and a daughter – but both died in infancy in London. Arnold returned to North America in 1784 for a business opportunity in Canada. While he was there, Peggy gave birth to their daughter Sophia, and Arnold may have had an illegitimate son in Canada. She joined him there in 1787, and they had two more children. In 1789, Peggy visited family in Philadelphia, and she was made very unwelcome in the city. By the time the Arnolds left Canada to return to England in 1791, they were unwelcome in Canada, too, where mobs met them with protests as they departed. Arnold died in 1801, and Peggy auctioned off much of their property to cover his debts. She died in London of 1804, possibly from cancer. Although history remembers her husband as the ultimate traitor, historians have also come to conclude that Peggy played a role in that treason. Her legacy is a mysterious one, with some believing she was just a British sympathizer and others believing she orchestrated the whole betrayal (Aaron Burr and his wife, Theodosia Prevost Burr, were among the sources of the latter belief). Either way, Peggy Shippen Arnold went down in history as party to one of the most infamous actions in American history. Sources Brandt, Clare The Man in the Mirror: A Life of Benedict Arnold. Random House, 1994.Cooney, Victoria. Love and the Revolution. Humanities, vol. 34, no. 5, 2013.Stuart, Nancy. Defiant Brides: The Untold Story of Two Revolutionary-Era Women And the Radical Men They Married. Boston, Beacon Press, 2013.

The Threshold Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Threshold Issues - Essay Example Jurisdiction determines which court should properly adjudicate a case. AS such, it is the power and authority of a court to hear, try and decide a case. It is conferred by the Constitution, by federal and state statutes. It is important that a court must have jurisdiction over the parties or the property involved in the controversy. A Federal court in order to exercise its jurisdiction must meet certain requisites. First, there must be an actual controversy calling for the exercise of judicial power. Second, the parties in the actual controversy must have legal standing to sue and be sued. Third, the case must present the dispute and issue must be ripe for adjudication and it likewise a case that the court has the power to remedy, and finally, the case cannot be moot. It can be inferred from the foregoing discussion on jurisdiction that the instant case was not able to comply with the requisites so as to vest the Federal court the jurisdiction to hear and determine the case. With regards the requisite of actual controversy, the instant case was bereft of an actual controversy. ... In the instant case, it should be noted that there is no law to speak of, since what was passed by Congress was still a bill and therefore, a bill not duly enacted cannot be considered as a law and correspondingly, it vests no rights. On the issue of legal standing, herein plaintiff has no legal standing. Plaintiff has not been aggrieved or legally harmed by the defendant Border Patrol, there being only the plaintiff's fear of or detention. Additionally, the constitution limits the role of the judiciary that Federal courts may only exercise its power in the last resort and as a necessity. Aside from the foregoing, the instant case likewise fell short of the constitutional requirements for legal standing on the actual, imminent, distinct and palpable injury which must not be abstract. There is also no causal connection between the injury and the conduct complained of and finally, it must not be speculative so as for the court to favorably redress the injury. On the issue of ripeness, it can be inferred in the instant case that it is not ripe for adjudication, since the plaintiff's claim is based on a future event which may or may not happen. A claim is not ripe for adjudication if it rests upon contingent future events that may or may not occur. The Ripeness doctrine prohibits the federal courts from exercising jurisdiction over a case until an actual controversy is presented which involves a threat which is real and immediate. A matter is moot if it is deprived of practical significance. The instant case, being deprived of practical significance should be dismissed for being moot. A political question is one under which the US constitution has committed decision-making on the subject matter to another branch of the federal government or there are inadequate

Voices for Abraham Lincolns Assassination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Voices for Abraham Lincolns Assassination - Essay Example For Walt Whitman, he wrote an intensely emotionally driven poem entitled, O Captain! My Captain! which passionately expresses the author’s grief for the death of his captain, President Lincoln. Similarly, Frederick Douglass wrote a speech entitled Oration in Memory of Abraham Lincoln, which he delivered at the unveiling of the Freedmen’s Monument in Washington D.C. in memory of the deceased president on the 14th of April, 1876. The theme of his speech, like that of the article published in Harper’s Weekly, entitled The Murder of the President shared the same air of intense sorrow for the loss of a dear friend and father of the nation. The greatness and advocacy of the president were immortalized in the three written pieces, with the discussion not only of his convictions but also the actions he took to convey his seriousness in such matters. With a similar theme, the poem, speech, and report had stirred the emotions not only of American readers during that time b ut also both Americans and foreigners alike in this present age. The poem by Whitman strongly expresses the poet’s unbelief of the untimely death of the president who is nearing the witnessing of his victory in his fight for his beliefs. Douglass, on the other hand, appeals to the emotions of the white Americans to the remembrance of the man who fought for their rights and protected them in all his services as the president. He did this by talking about the passions of the late president and his dreams for the American people.  

Is it Correct for Successive Governments to Manipulate the Personal Research Paper

Is it Correct for Successive Governments to Manipulate the Personal Taxation System for Economic Purposes - Research Paper Example Individual income taxes often tax the total income of the individual (with some deductions permitted), while corporate income taxes often tax net income (the difference between gross receipts, expenses, and additional write-offs)† (Balachandran 2010, p. 146). Taxation in the UK may involve payments of two different layers of government, the National Government and the Regional Government. The central government taxes include revenues and Customs. The central Government revenue comes primarily from Income Tax, National Insurance, Contribution of VAT, Corporate Taxes and Fuel Duty. The income tax forms the single largest source of revenue collected by the government. In the UK, each person has a taxable income and personal allowance up to a certain amount, free for everyone. The success of the personal taxation system depends upon the principles of taxation procedure. Taxable income is in different ways - depends on income and employment status. â€Å"These include PAYE (Pay As You Earn), self-assessment, tax deducted at source, and one-off payments† (Ways You Pay Income Tax n.d.). There are four important canons of taxation. They are economic principles, it includes the cost-effectiveness and how should cost less to collect the taxes than the revenues. A system of tax in the UK is reflected the communal values and power. To create a taxation system, a nation makes the choice of distribution for the tax that will pay the taxes and how much amount will pay for the tax. And the government can decide how will spent the collected taxes. The government collects taxes in a cost-effective manner.  

The difference between IT And IS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The difference between IT And IS - Essay Example In the contemporary environment of advancing technology and globalization, dynamic strategies and exploiting knowledge and information become major enabling elements of competitive advantage. Technology has redefined business dynamics with far reaching ramifications for businesses as well as for people at large.Balutis (2009) has emphasized that businesses need to address the challenges of technology and make them integral part of their business strategies. Indeed, technology has emerged as powerful tool of communication which must be innovatively exploited within organizations for creating a wider database of new opportunities and scope. Information system and technology are part of broader spectrum of knowledge application mechanisms that facilitate firms to explore new opportunities and maintain their niche position in the industry. The paper would therefore be discussing the role of information system and information technology in the knowledge management. Differences between Inf ormation system and information technology Cohen (1997, 2000) has contested that information system is very complex because it encompasses diversity of issues and concepts which are open to myriad interpretations. It is therefore an evolving process where environmental changes and scientific developments redefine contexts and mechanisms to give new meaning to an issue or defined paradigm. Drucker (1998) strongly asserts that access to information is the prerequisite element of success within firms. Information facilitates wide ranging knowledge about the existing and emerging paradigms of businesses which is exploited by them to gain market leverage. Most importantly, information greatly improves and improvises the work productivity of workers who are better informed and can make effective decisions (Johnson & Lederer, 2010). Thus, while information can be broadly described as collation of data into meaningful form, the information system is the mechanism of storing and manipulating the strategic business information for higher growth and efficient delivery of organizational goals and objectives (Phillip, 2007: Stonier, 1997.). Information technology, on the other hand, refers to all computing technologies that facilitate information dissemination. It encompasses collaborating tools of communication that are used by firms and people to gain knowledge and apply them within the business processes. The broader precinct of information technology facilitates selection, creation, application, integration and administration of computing technologies so as to meet the goals and objectives of businesses and provide firms with unique capabilities to meet new challenges (Melville et al., 2004)). Thus IT caters to the planning and management of various hardware and software products lifecycle so that technology can constantly meet the changing needs and requirements of the organization. Consequently, information system and information technology primarily differ in their objectives and the context of application. Information system helps develop database of information that is streamlined into defined format so as to acquire value for the user. The fundamental objective of creating information system is to ensure smooth flow of relevant information across people that would help them in making informed decisions for higher performance outcome (Reynolds, 2010). At the same time, information technology provides the facilitating platform of computing technology vis-a-vis hardware and software tools that facilitate networking and flow of information across people and places. Thus IT serves as a key mechanism to integrate various modules of information system regarding the various processes and spheres of business paradigms to produce the desired outcome of efficiency, quality, productivity and revenue or profit. Knowledge management and technology Knowledge management by organizational leadership is inherently linked to the tacit manipulation of informed choices (Bateman & Snell, 2008). The transfer of

Statistical Tests Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Statistical Tests - Essay Example When and if the researcher would test the boys before and after treatment for depression this would skew the two tests and the results would be more positive for the treatment would affect the outcome of the second test. The first test when the boys were depressed they would not put all their thinking skills into doing an honest job for the way they are feeling at that time. When testing boys and girls with depression the researcher must take into consideration other circumstances into performing the test. The repeated measures test is still the best t-test to use for this test will give the researcher a better look at the emotions of the boys through observation while performing the test. They can also observe facial and body movements of the participants. In all psychological testing researchers must strive for validity and to make sure the criteria is met before performing the test along with the reliability of the results found. The researcher can also use the single sample t-test when checking the boys after treatment they received for depression. They also need to find the degrees of freedom dealing with the participants from the previous sample. The researchers could also perform a paired samples t-test between the girls and the boys to see about levels of self esteem and with the paired samples t-test this is when Cohen’s d is used. The tester will also need to calculate the effect size and get the sample mean difference. When testers give these types of tests they should make sure that they are appropriate, meaningful and useful. (Gregory, 2004) When dealing with the statistics and the t-test researchers should strive to make ideas relevant to the test that is being performed. When considering which test or tests to be done one find the correct charts to make the necessary calculations. When researchers commit to doing this

The difference between IT And IS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The difference between IT And IS - Essay Example In the contemporary environment of advancing technology and globalization, dynamic strategies and exploiting knowledge and information become major enabling elements of competitive advantage. Technology has redefined business dynamics with far reaching ramifications for businesses as well as for people at large.Balutis (2009) has emphasized that businesses need to address the challenges of technology and make them integral part of their business strategies. Indeed, technology has emerged as powerful tool of communication which must be innovatively exploited within organizations for creating a wider database of new opportunities and scope. Information system and technology are part of broader spectrum of knowledge application mechanisms that facilitate firms to explore new opportunities and maintain their niche position in the industry. The paper would therefore be discussing the role of information system and information technology in the knowledge management. Differences between Inf ormation system and information technology Cohen (1997, 2000) has contested that information system is very complex because it encompasses diversity of issues and concepts which are open to myriad interpretations. It is therefore an evolving process where environmental changes and scientific developments redefine contexts and mechanisms to give new meaning to an issue or defined paradigm. Drucker (1998) strongly asserts that access to information is the prerequisite element of success within firms. Information facilitates wide ranging knowledge about the existing and emerging paradigms of businesses which is exploited by them to gain market leverage. Most importantly, information greatly improves and improvises the work productivity of workers who are better informed and can make effective decisions (Johnson & Lederer, 2010). Thus, while information can be broadly described as collation of data into meaningful form, the information system is the mechanism of storing and manipulating the strategic business information for higher growth and efficient delivery of organizational goals and objectives (Phillip, 2007: Stonier, 1997.). Information technology, on the other hand, refers to all computing technologies that facilitate information dissemination. It encompasses collaborating tools of communication that are used by firms and people to gain knowledge and apply them within the business processes. The broader precinct of information technology facilitates selection, creation, application, integration and administration of computing technologies so as to meet the goals and objectives of businesses and provide firms with unique capabilities to meet new challenges (Melville et al., 2004)). Thus IT caters to the planning and management of various hardware and software products lifecycle so that technology can constantly meet the changing needs and requirements of the organization. Consequently, information system and information technology primarily differ in their objectives and the context of application. Information system helps develop database of information that is streamlined into defined format so as to acquire value for the user. The fundamental objective of creating information system is to ensure smooth flow of relevant information across people that would help them in making informed decisions for higher performance outcome (Reynolds, 2010). At the same time, information technology provides the facilitating platform of computing technology vis-a-vis hardware and software tools that facilitate networking and flow of information across people and places. Thus IT serves as a key mechanism to integrate various modules of information system regarding the various processes and spheres of business paradigms to produce the desired outcome of efficiency, quality, productivity and revenue or profit. Knowledge management and technology Knowledge management by organizational leadership is inherently linked to the tacit manipulation of informed choices (Bateman & Snell, 2008). The transfer of

Ethics in Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethics in Law - Research Paper Example The underlying principle of ethics in law enforcement entails stipulation of responsibilities of a police officer. A police officer is mandated with the responsibility of working within the law. His powers and duties must conform to the provisions of statute that outlines their responsibilities. Their fundamental duties includes serving people, maintaining peace, protecting lives and properties as well as ensuring that there is equality in the service delivery to all citizens (Moore and Perez 11). Nevertheless, some police officers conduct themselves in unprofessional manner both in their line of duty and while not working. People have a tendency of monitoring every conduct of police officers perhaps because they are expected to lead by example. Any actions that deviate from what they are expected to do, they are criticized and condemned. However, not every conduct of police officers can be well articulated or stipulated in the law. For instance, there has always been a great debate on whether police officers should take gratuities from the public. However, determination of the ethical issue involved in such a deed goes beyond what law provides. For instance, the issue of the intention of the officer when receiving the gratuity comes in. Some people argue that an officer can accept gratuity from members of the public only if they do not ask for it. Conversely, the issue of human rights and how suspects need to be handled by police officers during arrest has always been contentious. For instance, it has always remained ethical dilemma on what a police officer should do to suspects that resist arrest. It is apparent that lawyers have always had issues with their clients in regard to their conduct during judicial proceedings. However, law societies have with time provided leadership in legal issues by designing professional standards that governs lawyers. Values have been argued

French Spanish, Polish And Prussian Influence In The American Revolution Essay Example for Free

French Spanish, Polish And Prussian Influence In The American Revolution Essay On one end of Europe to the other, a simple but dangerous anthem that brought a great change on the face of world history is the word â€Å"why? † Time-honored certainties crumbled: traditional assumptions on the authority of society, the structure of the universe, and even the very existence of God, were put into question. â€Å"Dare to know! † challenged thinkers and philosophers, just centuries before the wave of revolution took place in different parts and phases in Europe and America. This also paved the way for the equal emphasis on practical and theoretical doctrines, which has placed great faith in innovation and a belief that all members of the human race had a right to share its fruits. Such principles as these, embodying new visions of human rights and opportunities, would be translated into action before the end of the century. In North America, England’s 13 colonies severed themselves from the mother country to forge a republic. In 1776, the revolutionaries issued a Declaration of Independence, with a text that rang out with enlightened precepts, ranging from the practical notion of government accountability to the credo that every individual had a natural right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It would take eight years of war before the Declaration could be put into practice, and, when it was, the power relationships within the new state revealed that Enlightenment still had its limitations: the land’s original inhabitants were being remorselessly driven into the wilderness, slavery was legal, and only a small percentage of the male population and none at all of the female enjoyed the right to vote. Nevertheless, the principles of tolerance, self-determination and equal citizenship in a democratic republic had become reality, and the force of these ideas would prove unstoppable. Soon thereafter the Old World experienced its own revolutionary upheavals. In 1789, France’s disaffected bourgeoisie and downtrodden poor rose up together against their weak but autocratic king. The men who came to power when the monarchy fell were the children of the Enlightenment. They had imbibed the unsentimental rationalism of Voltaire, the broad historical perspectives of Montesquieu, and the passionate social idealism of Jean Jacques Rousseau (â€Å"The Age of Reason†). The bloody course of their Revolution, with its years of terror and turmoil, might have horrified these mentors, but the Revolution’s rallying cry of â€Å"Liberty! Equality! Fraternity! † was a triumphant answer to a century of searching and fundamental questions. II. The American Revolution â€Å"That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, that is against the protection of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, it is the right of the people to change or to abolish it and to establish a new government laying the foundation on such government as to them shall seem most likely to affect their safety and happiness. † American Declaration of Independence The signing of the Declaration of Independence as drafted by Thomas Jefferson summed up the spirit of America’s feelings on liberty and equality. It expressed their final resolve to break with Britain and put an end to the long years of rule by a king and Parliament thousands of miles away from America. This document united the thirteen colonies of diverse culture, faith, and temperament, uniting them as a new nation. They had crossed the Rubicon. â€Å"We must all hang together or else we will be hanged separately by our enemies,† warned Benjamin Franklin, a delegate from Philadelphia (J. Foe, C. Parco, and M. Coronado. â€Å"Revolution in America and France†). The Fight for Freedom America’s first shots of the revolution were fired in Lexington, Massachusetts. British soldiers had been sent on a secret raid to find and destroy rifles that had been collected by the revolutionaries. Warned by patriots such as Paul Revere, colonists fired upon the British troops. The American Revolution had begun. The Americans were up against a military giant, with 50,000 well-trained troops and another 50,000 Americans who wanted to remain British. The British were well-equipped; they had superior numbers, and had their great navy offshore the colonies. Nevertheless, the inexperienced Americans ‘slew the giant’. There were several factors that contributed to their victory. The Americans were fighting on their own territory for their own survival. The British, on the other hand were not well-motivated to fight, and frequently faced unfamiliar and unfriendly territory. The English troops included Hessian mercenaries from Germany, who became attracted to the ideals of freedom and often defected to the Americans. Although the Americans were poorly trained as soldiers, they had much experience handling guns in the wilderness of America. Further, they were led by a competent and tough leader by the name of George Washington. He inspired hope and courage in his men when all seemed to be lost. Although he had never won any battle before the revolution, Washington was a good military strategist. During the war, the British won most of the battles, but Washington made sure the Americans never were completely crushed. He only fought the British when the odds were in his favor. He used hit and run tactics against the foes. The red uniform of the British made an easy target of the American snipers. Moreover, the distance between the British forces from their homeland brought communication and supply problems. As one historian noted that ‘every biscuit, man and bullet required by the British troops in America had to be transported across a wide ocean. † The ships were small and cramped and it took at least six weeks to make a one-way trip. To make matters worse, British ships were harassed by pirates and other enemy ships, like the Dutch and the French. Lastly, and probably the most decisive factor, unlike the British who fought alone without allies, the Americans were aided secretly at first and then openly by the French, Spanish, and Dutch. Other foreign influences on the outcome of the war came from the Polish and Prussians. What began as a struggle for American independence turned into a multinational war against England. III. Various Foreign Influences: A. French Contribution About twenty years prior to the outbreak of the revolution, colonial wars fought in North America which started as wars between despots in Europe. These wars, involving Britain and France among others were the War of the League of Ausburg or the â€Å"King William’s War†, the War of Spanish Succession in 1702-14 was â€Å"Queen Anne’s War†, and the Seven Years’ War also known as the French and Indian War (G. Zaide and S. Zaide. â€Å"The Rise of the United States†). France and his allies lost heavily on the French-Indian War, resulting to the loss of her colonies mainly in North America and India. Economic policies of Britain only ensured to make money out of the New World to add to their home treasury and finance their wars in Europe. They restricted trade and raised taxes against the desires of the native Americans. Although the British won, this exacted a great price. The cost of funding the wars and maintaining such colonies, which caused the British to lay down heavy taxes on its American colonies as their means of support in exchange for their protection, ignited a desire from the colonists to liberate them from England’s rule. King Louis XVI of France was not personally sympathetic to the cause of the American Revolution. But he held a grudge against the British who robbed him of his Canadian colony. After suffering a disgraceful loss in the France and Indian War, France wanted to shift the balance of power, hoping to remove some of England’s dominance. The philosopher Rousseau helped Franklin lobby the French government to aid the Americans. Therefore France went to war with the Americans to exact revenge on the British Also, many of the French were sympathetic to the Americans. Later in the war, the French gave large numbers of infantry led by General Lafayette, and French warships reached the American revolutionaries. They volunteered their services including Lafayette, as well as give off their financial support for the training of the many inexperienced and beleaguered American army (â€Å"French Volunteers and Supporters of the American Revolution†). In 1780 came the most crucial help, which was the arrival of French troops in Rhode Island. A year after this resulted to the defeat of the British who were under the command of Cornwallis. American and French troops fighting at each other’s side might have been an odd picture, considering that both parties had been enemies about fifteen years earlier. France’s assistance became a significant instrument for the emergence of America as an independent nation (â€Å"The French Contribution to the American War of Independence†). B. Spanish Contribution That the Spanish fought alongside with Americans in the latter’s bid to be free of Britain’s control is not often taught or largely known by many. The subject’s ambiguity extends amongst historians who are not in agreement towards the extent and importance of Spain’s role for the forging of independence for the colony. According to Samuel Bemis, Spain rejoiced over the fighting by the British and Americans that such a war could result to the dwindling of power for both. Like the French, the Spanish government was far from being inspired by the morals of democracy. It was also poised to seize and regain control of lost territories to England, with the end result of weakening the whole British Empire. But unlike the French, the Spanish support was not impassioned by the oppression felt by the Americans from the British. It could even have felt hostile to the cause, fearing this could spread and inspire its own colonies to revolt. For Bemis, Spain’s involvement was not a key role for the success of the American Revolution (S. Bemis. The Diplomacy of the American Revolution). However, this has been challenged by many historians including Thomas Chavez. They believe that Spanish support played a significant role and its effects are far reaching than thought by many (T. Chavez. Spain and the Independence of the United States: An Intrinsic Gift). The colonists acknowledged that Spain’s financial and military contribution helped brought the victory (M. Recio. â€Å"Exhibit Looks at Spain’s Influence on American Revolution†). C. Polish Contribution Some Polish immigrants played an illustrious military career as they served the Continental Army. Silas Deane and Benjamin Franklin’s recruitment of Tadeusz Kosciuszko in France, a Polish general and considered by his fellow countrymen as a national hero due to his victory over the Russian Empire, paved the Polish influence over American independence. Arriving in America in 1776, he served as a colonel of the Continental Army during the revolution. Kosciuszko became an ardent believer of the tenets sited in the Declaration of Independence. This also led him to make effort to meet Thomas Jefferson, the man who penned the Declaration. The meeting created a bond of deep appreciation and friendship towards one another. One of his vital contributions was the fortification of Philadelphia. Other ports were constructed under his command which proved critical such as the American retreat from the Battle of Ticonderoga and the battle won at Saratoga in 1777 (â€Å"Tadeusz Kosciuszko†). Another key Polish influence was the nobleman Count Casimir Pulaski. A freedom fighter even in his native land, he fought against Russia’s control over Poland. Defeated, he left his country to escape captivity, transferred to different parts of Europe and finally came to France. Upon hearing of American’s struggle for independence, Pulaski sought to join the American’s fight. He volunteered his military service before Deane and Franklin. Later, he received recommendation by Washington for the count to serve as cavalry commander. Later, he served the Continental army as brigadier general and proved his dedication for the cause (AnnMarie Francis Kajencki. Count Casimir Pulaski: From Poland to America, a Hero’s Fight for Liberty). D. Prussian Contribution One of the prominent Prussian influences of the American Revolution was Frederick William Freiherr Von Steuben, who enlisted himself to join the American’s fight against British rule. He gained military training and prominence as he served the Prussian’s fight during the Seven Years War (or French and Indian War). Proof of his mettle in battle was his ascent as aide to Frederick the Great. He met Franklin in France, after which he sailed to America, armed with a letter of introduction to George Washington. His major contributions were his introduction of European military training and discipline to the unskilled colonist army and transform it to become more reliable, which lifted up the quality of service among its troops. He made considerable help to Washington in planning strategies and mobilization of the Continental Army. He was hailed as one of the credible heroes of the revolution (â€Å"Frederick William (Augustus) Freiherr (Baron) Von Steuben Biography, 1730–94†). IV. Conclusion Clearly, without foreign assistance or influence, the American victory would have been impossible. Fortunately for the Americans, this aid came with no strings attached. Neither Spain nor France gained territory for her efforts in this costly war. Ironically though, France’s major assistance to the American’s fight for freedom brought the French government into debt and financial crisis. In fact the war helped destabilize the French nation’s economy, leading to the French Revolution. It inspired liberalism and brought a wave of change throughout Europe. The change it brought was inevitable. Not only did it set aflame the winds of revolution in France but to the American colonies of Spain as well (â€Å"American Revolution – The Complete History 1775-1783†). The American success story could not stop the inspiration that a nation can change its own society. It marked a new milestone in the history of democracy. The Americans asserted their right to establish their own government, which sent the waves across the Atlantic and to people everywhere the will of the people should reign supreme in any society.

The theories of Karl Marx and Max Weber

The theories of Karl Marx and Max Weber It was the belief of Karl Marx that social class plays an integral role in society. It was his theory that social class is important to understanding capitalism and other social systems. He asserted that the history of all hitherto existing in society is the history of class struggles (Marx 1848). Marx theorised social classes are defined by the relationship between capitalists and their workforce. For Marx economics is the driving force of modern society and social class. It is the view of Marx that in the past although society did have strata, such stratum was based on titles and occupation rather than purely economics. The bourgeoisie and the proletariat are the main social classes that Marx purposes. The Bourgeoisie are the capitalists. They purchase and exploit the labour power. Marx notes that someone who merely owns capital cannot be sufficiently defined as a capitalist. It is the means of using capital as a means to exploit labour which characterises the capitalist. The proletariat are the labour force. They work in order to earn income for themselves and their families in order to survive. Marx purposes that the existing relationship between bourgeoisie and the proletariat is an exploitive relationship which is based on inequality. Webers definition of class is not unlike that given by Marx. Weber defines class as a category of people who, have in common a specific causal component of their life chances in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ this component is represented exclusively by economic interests in the possession of goods and opportunities for income, and it is represented under the conditions of the commodity or labor market. Webber held a view close to Marxs that class position does not necessarily lead to class-determined economic or political action. Weber argued that communal class action surface after connections between the causes and the consequences of the class situation become apparent. Marx however proposes it is when a class becomes conscious of its interests, that is, of its relation, as a class, to other classes. In modern day Britain there is evidence that class inequality present in society. Wide disparities in health between the classes illustrate this fact. However it should be noted that inequalities in health based on class is not a new sociological occurrence. Chadwick took note of a disproportionate difference in life expectancy between the classes in 1842. Gentlemen and persons engaged in professions and their familiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦45 years; tradesmen and their familiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦26 years; Mechanics, servants and labourers, and their families à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 16 years (Chadwick 1842). Reports have been carried out that suggest an obvious link between social class and health. Such studies find that lower social class groups have a higher chance of illness and a sorter light expectancy. At the start of the 21st century, all European countries are faced with substantial inequalities in health within their populations. People with a lower level of education, a lower occupational class, or a lower level of income tend to die at a younger age, and tend to have a higher prevalence of most types of health problems. (Mackenbach 2006) The Acheson Report took a systematic review of research of health inequalities in the UK. The report found that overall the mortality rate for people aged 35 -64 years had fallen in the period studied; however there was an increased variation in mortality between the classes. The Acheson report also uncovered that within particular areas of the UK the inequalities in Health between the classes manifest its self greater. In Scotland for example, male life expectancy in the 10 percent most deprived areas is 13 years lower than in the 10 percent least deprived areas. Such difference between the classes is increasing; the life expectancy gap between the best and worst constituencies was 7.8 years in 1991. In 2001 this gap had risen to 13.7 year (Scottish Government 2007). Mackenbach noted in mortality in patterns that: Rates of mortality are consistently higher among those with a lower, than among those with a higher socio-economic position. Not only is the size of these inequalities often substantial, but inequalities in mortality have also increased in many European countries in the past decades. (Mackenbach 2006) It is proposed by Mackenbach that inequalities in mortality; start early in life and persist in to old age, affect both men and women but its influence is more prevalent in men and are found for most but not all specific causes of death. The Acheson report presented that in terms of enduring illness has strong link to socioeconomic differences. It was reported that in 1996 the 45-64 years age group, 17 percent of professional men reported a limited long standing illness compared with 48 percent of unskilled men. The Acheson Reported that among women, 25 percent of professional women and 45 percent of unskilled women report long standing illnesses. Mackenbach articulates that people with lower socio-economic positions not only live shorter lives nit also but spend a larger number of years in ill health. Why does that pattern of health inequality exist in modern society? The influential Black Report 1980 examined five explanations of health inequalities. These five explanations are; the artefact explanation, the social explanation, social selection exploitation, the cultural explanation and the social deprivation explanation. An artefact approach to understanding Health inequality suggests that such health disparities are statistical fiction. Critics debate what is the best way measuring such it is also argued by Bury (1997) suggests that comparing the bottom social class (V) is not longer effective as the number of people in this class has declined greatly. The social selection theory argues that good or bad health determines class position rather than vice versa. For example, having a long term health issue may limit a persons career opportunities. Critics counter this theory that although illness plays a role on life chances it not always the case that illness leads to downward social mobility. The explanation is also contrary to a Marxist thought. Marx would argue it is class that determines health. A cultural explanation of health inequalities suggests that the social classes behave in different ways. The less well of social classes are more likely to have poorer health because of diet, smoking or alcohol consumption. Shilling (1993) proposes that different social classes view their bodies in different ways. Shilling asserts that the lower social classes tend to see the body in terms of what it enables them to do, for example for work and looking after children. According to Shilling health is not considered an issue until problems arise for the lower classes until the body cannot function normally. Higher social classes treat the body as an end in its self and have higher focus on preventing illness from occurring. Such an explanation for Health inequalities in contemporary Britain based on social class harmonises with the theories of Marx and Weber. The explanation the lower classes (the proletariat) regard their bodies as a machine used for means of work is compatible with t he sociological assertions of Marx and Weber. Marx would say such a view of the body is a result of class struggle. The proletariat must view their body as machine for work. Marx submits that proletariat must work in order to survive. This is why for the lower class health only becomes an issue when they are unable to work because of illness. Is also argues the material situation of a person and the conditions that they live and work in conditions which they work and live is an important factor in determining their health. Issues such as poverty, employments, housing and access to care are influential factors to be considered. The Acheson report in order to address the issues involved adopted a socioeconomic model of health and inequalities, combining the above theories. The socioeconomic model however does go as far to address a connection between its different layers. The Black Report reported a growth of health inequalities across Britain. These widening inequalities in health have been observed, in socio-economic terms. However findings demonstrated that overall health had improved since the creation of the welfare state. Although the standard of health has increased in equilibrium with an improvement in standard in living it is conclusive that inequalities in health based on class still exist in Britain. Marx would note the improvement of living standards for proletariat but would note the of Bourgeoisie exploiting the work of the proletariat to create excess capital. It is conclusive from the findings of the Black Report and Acheson that need for Marxs proletariat to work is what constructs their attitude towards health. In contemporary Britain there have been improvements made in health over all but class in equalities have not been reduced.

Realism in Eudora Weltys A Worn Path Essays -- Worn Path Essays Eudor

Realism in Eudora Welty's A Worn Path Eudora Welty's "A Worn Path" is a story that emphasizes the natural symbolism of the surroundings. The main character in the story, Phoenix Jackson, is an old black woman who seeks out to find medicine for her sick nephew. This story contains a motif, which is the continuous walking of Phoenix Jackson throughout her journey. She lives in the pinewoods and faces the challenging experience of walking through the snowy, frozen earth to get to the hospital in the city of Natchez. Phoenix Jackson is a very caring person, and is in love with life. Although she is very old, it seems that she has many years ahead of her. Eudora Welty brings realism into the story describing the realities of being old. It is Christmas, and Phoenix Jackson has to head out to the city to obtain the medicine for her nephew. A long time ago, her nephew swallowed lye that burned his throat, and the medicine is the only thing that relieves his pain. The woods are filled with pine trees that cast dark shadows throughout the terrain. The darkness that surrounds Phoenix is the total opposite of her. She is a poor woman, but is very neat and tidy. She appreciates the small things in life and respects what she has. Although she is old, she has extremely dark hair, wears a red bandana, and has much "life" within her: Her skin had a pattern all its own of numberless branching wrinkles and as though a whole little tree stood in the middle of her forehead, but a golden color ran underneath, and the two knobs of her cheeks were illumined by a yellow burning under the bark. (87) It is almost as if she is a part of nature herself, when Eudora Welty describes her as having a tree within her forehead. ... ...ling to travel through the rugged pinewoods to get the medicine that cures his illness. All of the things included in the forest represent natural symbolism that is directly related to the realism of Phoenix Jackson. The windmill is a perfect representation of the circle of life, and Phoenix has many more years to live. When Phoenix dies, her spirit of the Phoenix bird will live on in her nephew who most likely will live a long, happy life. Works Cited Hicks, Granville. "Eudora Welty." Critical Essays on Eudora Welty. Ed. W. Craig Turner and Lee Emling Harding. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1989. 259-67. Howard, Zelma Turner. The Rhetoric of Eudora Welty's Short Stories. Jackson, Miss.: University and College Press of Mississippi, 1973. Welty, Eudora. "A Worn Path." The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980. 142-49.

Consumers Take a Shine to Apple Inc. Essay

Apple came back from near extinction to become one of the most revered technology companies in recent memory. They achieved this status by developing innovative design products and pushing the limits of their marketing prowess. Apple is known for their ability to listen to consumers and revolutionize market segments by providing modern design laden and feature rich alternatives to the target markets. They employ strategies that might contradict normal convention by keeping their prices high to build a brand image of prestige and promote their products through word of mouth. The impact on marketing is hugely noticeable by other companies following suit with store models resembling Apple stores. Key Marketing Issues 1. Identify Trends – Apple built its business by recognizing trends for the ditial consumer. As Apple products continue to age and become saturated in the market they must look to uncover the next big â€Å"it† product to brand as their own. 2. War with Competitors – Apple holds many patents on software and hardware that competitors imitate to bring products to market. With the complicated war between companies Samsung and Apple reaching the masses, people start to take sides and demonize Apple. Apple must learn walk the fine line of protecting it’s intellectual property without being seen as the big corporate entity that attacks every other company that tries to enter the market. 3. Innovation – Apple’s core products have enjoyed largely rave reviews and enormous profits, but the target market is starting to feel that Apple products are not as revolutionary as before. Even though the processers and screen quality continue to rise, the need to upgrade or buy another version of the same product is waning in consumer’s minds. Apple cannot lose sight of this and continue to explain the benefits of its products to consumers. 4. Remember Customers old and new- Apple is known for superior customer service. They must continue to coddle new customers  to build their loyalty without alienating the early adopters and by now seasoned customers. The creative customer service model must be sustained to ensure the competitive advantage is not lost. Personal Case Analysis I learned that Apple is a juggernaut when it comes to their technological products and marketing goals. Apple focuses on the needs of customer’s light years ahead of their competition and even before most consumers have realized they want Apple’s products. Through their innovative marketing involving social media, word of mouth, Apple Stores they have convinced consumers about the high value of their product even lending to the formation of a â€Å"Mac cult† for its diehard fans. The way ahead for Apple is not to lose sight of its brand loyalty and continue to service the customers and entice them with the brand’s prestige. Even with the death of Steve Jobs, I believe Apple forge ahead to differentiate itself from the markets they are in. Case Questions 1- How has Apple implemented the marketing concept? Apple implemented the marketing concept by focusing on customers’ needs through imagination, design, and innovation creating an emotional brand for its customers. Even though Apple is a technological company it takes a humanistic approach to satisfying the needs of its customers far better than the competition. 2- Describe the role of Apple stores as an important part of it’s marketing strategy? Apple stores allow customers to interact with physical products and discover the companies design language while receiving human interaction to enhance their experience. Customers who come into a store learn firsthand the vast array of Apple products and the ease of connectivity. 3- What will Apple need to do to maintain product innovation and customer loyalty? In order for Apple to maintain it’s product innovation it will have to refrain from complex diversification into other fields and continue to focus on delivering the most superior products to the market. Apple is dominant in refreshing their product lines every couple of years and should update Ipods, Imacs, and Ipads frequently as processers and designs age. For Apple to continue customer loyalty it must not alienate or diminish support and assistance to their customers. The empathetic company along with its employees is a value added experience to the customers. Conclusions Apple is a dynamic American comeback story. From the brink of obscurity it was saved by the very man which helped create it. Through its growth, Apple was able to produce innovative products and bring them to the market with style. The marketing juggernaut focused on the marketing concept always keeping its eyes on the customer. Apple must continue to evolve to changing markets and retool marketing strategies as it competes in key industries Works Cited Moorman, Christine, â€Å"Why Apple is great marketer†, Forbes, http://www.forbes.com/sites/christinemoorman/2012/07/10/why-apple-is-a-great-marketer/